Tattoo removal
Upon the removal of tattoos, especially two lasers because of their relatively good results of their good tolerability and its high level of development in the foreground. This is the one of the Q-switched Nd: YAG laser, frequency doubled Nd: YAG (KTP) and the Q-switched ruby laser. Crucial to the success of treatment is the wavelength (color) of the laser, which must be matched to the color (wavelength range) of the color pigments. Black and dark blue tattoos are particularly well with the Nd: YAG laser removed, whereas the frequency-doubled Nd: YAG laser (KTP) for red to yellow tattoo ink is used. The ruby laser has indeed a somewhat wider range of colors, yet not as effective as the Nd: YAG laser.
With the emergence of a tattoo is in the healing process (until about two weeks after the jump), the color pigments by the body's own cells - macrophages - encapsulated. The body can therefore reduce the color pigments are no longer the tattoo remains.
With the use of different lasers, can "break" these macrophages. This is done by heating of the enclosed color pigments, which are heated by the absorption of light so much that they burst. However, following the re-encapsulation, which repeats the laser therapy (depending on the color treatments 2:00 to 10:00) is necessary.
During the therapy can be seen staining the tattoo, which is due to the different rates of degradation of the pigments of a color. Previously, however, were frequently used dyes that are only weakly or not at all can be reduced. In this case, is also a laser treatment virtually ineffective. Here is to try out before the treatment in a small area.
There is also to remove a tattoo or other methods, such as the cautery. This destroyed by using microwaves surrounding skin cells that are in the healing process with the color pigments deposited.
The removal of tattoos using so-called tattoo creams on the other hand, however, remains highly questionable, as an appropriate mechanism of action could not be detected.
Another possibility is the development of novel coated with plastic colors, they should behave in tattooing and the durability of her as are the traditional colors. The difference lies only in the removal. While the traditional colors can be removed in 5-10 laser sessions (good and less good), the manufacturer promises a distance in a single laser session. Reason for the good of removal is the use of very small color pigments, which would not normally hold in the skin. The encapsulation of these little pigment in PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate, medical plastic) ensures that these still remain in the skin. the PMMA particles are treated with a laser, they break up and disappear the tattoo.
The encapsulation of PMMA, no alcohol for the manufacture of paint are used, as this would dissolve. So divorced from the classical preparations for tattoo inks and it must be found a technology based on water. So that the color is microbiologically stable and requires, for example, the use of preservatives, which under the resolution the Council of Europe should no longer be used. Whether these colors then in brilliance, opacity, and workmanship meet modern tattoo inks, is shown in practice.
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Tattoo Health hazards
Infection
When tattooing, strict hygiene rules are respected. These are not always controlled, so a certain caution is advisable. It can lead to HIV, hepatitis and various other infections. In the Netherlands, Switzerland and Austria tattoo studios are subject to strict conditions and controls, which the general health safety in this area was very beneficial. Meanwhile, there interventions, sterilization operations, cleaning and disinfection measures are documented in writing. In Austria, since 2003 the annual provision of a safety certificate from an accredited institution is required by law.
Harmful dyes
Studies have shown that some of the dyes from the dermis into other areas of the body is carried away. Since, unlike cosmetics, for the colors used barely legal rules stated, these often contained as heavy metal compounds as pigments. Moreover, in particular azo colors are considered problematic because they disintegrate when exposed to UV light into harmful substances such as Azelenhydrochlorid or various hydrocarbons (both cytotoxins). Now being used every conscientious tattoo artist only paints, which is included with the manufacturer of an appropriate test certificate Tätowiermittelverordnung, therefore, the risks are largely eliminated in this direction.
In the removal of tattoos by laser treatment, used in the pigments, especially from the commonly used red pigment Pigment Red 22 and Pigment Red 9 cancer-causing substances, such as 2-methyl-5-nitroaniline, arise.
Combustion in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging
More and more doctors refusing to study with the MRI when a patient with tattoos, piercings and permanent make-up on the skin, since they can burn through the iron in the colors come kann.Das occurrence of combustion is extremely unlikely and the expected severity of such combustion. More likely than injury to patients, the occurrence of artifacts. |
Dirty tattoo
In addition to the jewelry tattoo and the (undesirable) penetration of colored particles in the connective tissue of skin in medicine is referred to as a tattoo - as a dirt tattooing.
Causes are usually accidents involving fireworks, and road accidents Pulverschmauchverletzungen. But the fall of a football player "in ashes" with a graze to the coloring particles get under the skin. Metal splinters in the skin cause a brown color (siderosis). When miners are dirt tattoos from coal dust.
While may be in the first 72 hours by brushing away dirt still mostly without cosmetic consequences, usually a Stanzexzision later must be carried out. |
Tattoo Technology
the process of tattooing is basically in a puncturing of the skin, is being introduced simultaneously with the piercing of a dye into the skin. It should be ensured that neither of the stitch is placed too superficial nor too low. In the first case, the deposited colorants would be introduced only in the cell layers of the epidermis. This would mean that would take place in the ongoing renewal of the skin layer, a Abwachsen and a rejection of the colorant with the same outward Epidermiszelllagen. In the second case, if the puncture is made too deeply into the skin, it comes through the bleeding occurring at a leaching of the colorant. Permanently preserved are those colorants that are in the middle layer of skin (dermis) and that stored in the cell type of the fibroblasts.
The track Bach / Kohrs Tattoo 1976
The most common method in the West is working with an electric tattoo machine. Here is produced, for example, using two coils a magnetic field that a number of fine, fast needles soldered to a rod moves forward and backward. Another tattoo machine uses an electric motor that produces an eccentric, the upward and downward movement. This machine was developed in 1970 by the tattooists Horst H. "Samy" Streckenbach and Manfred Kohrs and built.
The speed depends on the tattoo, technology and the desired effect, such as lines or shading is, but between 800 and 7,500 portable per minute. The ink adheres thanks to a capillary action between the needles and is similar to the speed of movement easily placed on the skin like drawing with a pen on paper. The skin with one hand held under tension, the other hand brings the picture.
At the beginning of Tätowierprozesses usually the outline, known as outlines, with a thin needle punched in black, in a second step, these filled with ink. For filling, depending on the fineness of the pattern used needles of different thickness.
There are other ways to make permanent skin drawings, such as the cutting of the skin and rubbing the wound with ink, ashes or other coloring materials (called ink-rubbing), or tattooing with a needle and thread, in which a with string wrapped sewing needle Ink is immersed and then inserted into the skin. Back here, the typical so-called "prison tattoos - under the skin, runny inkblots forms the famous three dots, tears, names or trains primitive pictures. Austrian soldiers and common soldiers tattooed in the 19th Century, with cuts of "name-ciphers" or sign of the cross, was used as a coloring agent gunpowder.
Among the peoples of Polynesia a Tätowierkamm was common, which was made of various plant parts or bone and was attached to a long pole. The tips of the comb were rhythmic beating of the handle driven into the skin, where they brought a print of water and ash or burnt nuts. These combs were available in different widths, they left but always flying, never points.
The Irezumi called traditional Japanese tattoos are still often made manually, although enjoy Western Tattoo in Japan, long a favorite. Serve this purpose needles, which, as with a brush attached to long bamboo handles. This technique requires a lot of practice, but allows the master by variation in the depth of the engraving tattoos produced with great precision and control.
The Inuit, however, covered with color-impregnated fibers or tendons under the skin through it to get a lifetime subscription. |
Tattoo Art
The American artist Shelley Jackson is currently working on an art project called "The skin project". She has written a short story of 2095 words which will not print, but volunteers can be tattooed one word of the story.
Timm Ulrichs, in the years 1975 - created in 1977 in cooperation with the tattooists Manfred Kohrs (Hannover) and Horst Heinrich Streckenbach (Frankfurt / Main) some artistic projects. Ulrich has worked with traditional Tätowiermotiven on canvas, but also experimented as a "total artist" even with the Tätowierei. Kohrs and Streckenbach have worked in the seventies, it implement the German tattoo artist in the artistic scene, nor to deprive the profession of the habit of "shady", which in these years was still very present. In the years 1977 to 1981 created Manfred Kohrs, a member of the Kunstverein Hannover-some individual projects with the topic of tattoos.
In 1996 Ed Hardy showed in the New York art gallery, the exhibition "Pierced Hearts and True Love." Hardy was in this exhibition, which was a "crucial step to improve the image of tattooing," a historical overview of the past 100 years. |
Tattoo Motifs, style and new trends germany
n the early 20th seen almost exclusively in tattoos century sailors, soldiers, members of the underworld or detainees, so developed in the late 1980s, again, a certain fashion trend for tattoos. Above all, certain music scenes tattoos made it a part of their subculture.
In the 1990s, tattoos were told a real fashion trend. Particularly so-called tribal tattoos here and had their heyday. Tribals (also called Irban) found in various shapes the way under the skin. Under the playful name Arschgeweih was especially common in female carriers of a tailbone placed on the tribal tattoo found.
In the late 1990s it into the tattoo scene is a trend towards so-called old-school designs. These are subjects that often have their origin in old sailor tattoos. Examples of this genre motifs are stars, swallows, anchors, hearts.
Another trend are so-called geek or nerd tattoos are dar. The motifs usually from the academic or computer area and reflect the growing popularity of Geekstyle and Nerdcore.
According to a study by the University of Leipzig from 2009, the proportion of the tattoos on the German population. Thus, the share of the tattooed men, aged between 25 and 34 years of 22.4% (2003) to 26% (2009), which doubled the tattooed women between 25 and 34 even nearly 13.7% (2003) to 25.5% (2009). The most popular sites were the arms and back. |
Tattoo Social significance in the western world
Tattoos were originally in the West or the stigma of convict sailors delight, but at least since the 1990s, more and more popular. What primarily as an expression of youth culture, which includes body piercing and branding, developed into what is found today in broad strata of society. Numerous celebrities who appeared in public with tattoos, contributed to a growing acceptance. Nevertheless, tattoos are still used as code and language within criminal gangs. Thus, for example among followers of the Russian group thieves in the law the tattooed subjects committed offenses dismounted years in prison or the hierarchy within the group to see.
In Germany, among prisoners and former prisoners and spiders on the neck or back of the head be taken to see tears in the eyes of three points or edges between thumb and index finger occasionally.
Children use decals that can be easily removed again, but operate under the concept of tattoos or tattoo. Similarly, there are also so-called henna tattoos that are not in the skin crisp but painted. Here, only the horny layer of the epidermis is stained. Since these horny cells flake off continuously, the alleged tattoo disappears after a few weeks.
This shows the approach of tattooing the mainstream, but it makes a tattoo as a fashion accessory. The Bio-tattoo disappears after a few years ago allegedly by itself because it is not so deeply engraved. In reality, this happens only very rarely, if ever, since it is virtually impossible to work so well that neither too flat (the tattoo will disappear during the healing), nor too low (the tattoo) remains to be engraved. At least part or a shadow of the tattoo will remain mostly. Therefore, warned by reputable tattoo artists before. The Higher Regional Court of Karlsruhe has condemned a tattoo artist to pay damages for injuries and because she had assured the customer, the Bio-tattoo would disappear after three to seven years - and this did not happen. |
Tattoo Social significance in Japan
A very long tradition of tattooing (Japanese Irezumi) in Japan. The beginnings of tattooing in Japan are probably among the Ainu. At the beginning of the Edo period (1603 to 1868) with tattoos including prostitutes and workers were very popular. From 1720, the tattoo was used as a kind of branding for criminals, why could not tattoo anymore, "decent" Japanese. Who was marked as a criminal, could not integrate into society, resulting in the formation of a separate layer: the Yakuza. Under the Meijiregierung in 1870 abolished this practice and tattoos banned completely, which was discontinued only 1948th
Although stylistically very uniform, there is a wide variety of subjects that are often taken from mythology, like dragons or demons that often come from legends and tell a whole story. Or there are symbols such as cherry blossoms (beauty and joy as well as impermanence) and Koi (success, strength, and happiness). A style with bloody and gruesome heads chopped off developed as in the late 19 Century ghost stories in Japan were extremely popular. A Japanese custom is to get tattooed for life by a single artist, often arise from over the years large-scale painting on the whole body, which will eventually signed by the artist.
Tattoos are still stigmatized in Japan forever and are often interpreted as involvement in the criminal milieu. They are still an important part of the Yakuza culture (especially the full torso engaging, so-called body stockings). In some people are denied public baths with large tattoos of admission. But just as in the West, especially among young Japanese tattoos are more popular and thus familiar to a wider social class. Today there are many world renowned tattoo artist in Japan (for example Horiyoshi III), their ability to pass on to their students. On the other hand, comes from the fact that the Yakuza is now forbidden to back the proliferation of tattoos on gang members because they do not raise attention. Thus dissolves in Japan, the connection between crime and tattoo.
In recent times has been reflected in Western cultures, Japanese-style tattoos and more popular. |
Permanent Make-up
A special form is to be known as permanent make-up, in which the contours of, for example, eyes, lips, etc. highlighted or traced, or shaded. So, even conceal surgical scars or reconstruct an areola. |
Religion and Tattoo
To 1890 were tattooed in Bosnia Catholic girls to prevent a conversion to Islam. Armenian Christians kept the tradition of tattooing pilgrims with until the First World War. As long as this form of scapegoating in Jerusalem was offered. Coptic Christians in Egypt still carry a cross on the inside of the right wrist in order to distance themselves from Islam. Despite the demand moves to ban tattoos today, many Christians who tattooed with crosses, hearts, angels, want the name of Jesus or the folded hands of Dürer show that their belief in God is under the skin. |
Tattoo Identification
In the era of National Socialism, the inmates of a concentration camp prisoners were tattooed with numbers. Members of the SS had tattoos on the left inner upper arm.
Many pets are tattooed an identification code into the skin for the animals, the holder can be attributed in farmed animals is a common tattoo for identification. In farm animals has long been the usual signs of fire. |
Tattoo Function and Meaning
Tattoos can have very different functions and meanings. The literature calls functions as a member signs, ritual or sacred symbol of expression for differentiation and exclusivity means for enhancing sexual charms, jewelry, protest (Punk) and, not least of political opinion. With so-called prison tattoos to rankings and "caste" may be represented approximately by the cross of thieves, as well as functions, which held the prisoners during captivity, such as "bat", "Rowdy", "insurgents" or "Boss." In addition, there are markings for murderers or "lifers", and also the opinion of Justice to open threats, or even successfully executed revenge can be made known as a tattoo. Even sexual attitudes are expressed by tattoos. break data, in which areas there was already detained, the longing for freedom or intent are as much as the number of years to be seated in the number of logs in a fire or spikes can be expressed on the barbed wire.
Adolf Loos called the tattoo, in his essay Ornament and Crime, as an ornament. |
Tattoo origin and development
Because of the diverse and scattered across the earth advice may be assumed that developed the custom of tattooing among the various peoples of the world independently of each other. In the north of Chile 7000 years old mummies were found, the tattoos on the hands and feet showed. The glacier mummy Ötzi was over 5000 years, several characters that were associated with needles or through small incisions under the skin. Particularly elaborate and extensive tattoos are from the Iron Age Scythians, an equestrian people of the Russian steppe and the Caucasus and known from Pazyryk culture in the Altai. This seems to often stated hypothesis to disprove that the custom of tattooing originated in Southwest Asia originated, spread from there to Egypt to Polynesia and Australia have carried on and was eventually to North and South America. In its ritual significance, it is in Micronesia, Polynesia, where indigenous populations and, for example, the Ainu and the Yakuza (Japan) distributed.
The Old Testament prohibits the tattoo, probably because of the connection with the cult of Atargatis. "And should a cut for the dead in your flesh make her not, and shall make her not etched writing to you. I am the Lord. "(3 Exodus 19:28). Tattoos, however, were common in some early Christian sects.
According to Strabo (Geographica) is tattooed the Carni, a Celtic tribe of the Austrian Alps. According to Herodian (III, 14), the tattooed Thracians. According to Caesar the Picts painted themselves in the area of Scotland today (hence the name), a tattoo he does not mention. |
Tattoo
A tattoo is a motif that is introduced in ink or other coloring materials in the skin. This is the color usually with the help of a tattoo by one or more needles (depending on the desired effect) in the second layer of skin crisp while drawing a picture or text. The tattoo is a form of body modification dar. |
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Tattoo
